The article studies the development of the south-eastern part of modern Tajikistan at the end of the 19th century, emphasizing its political and economic underdevelopment, based on monarchical forms of government and the feudal system. Particular attention is paid to land relations in the south-eastern part of modern Tajikistan, where the lands belonged to emirs, officials and clergy, which led to land shortages and landlessness among dehkans. Eastern Bukhara is considered an underdeveloped region of the Bukhara Emirate, where land was the main source of survival for dehkans. The establishment of Soviet power in the 20th century led to socio-economic changes, including the elimination of feudal land ownership and the nationalization of land. Particular attention is paid to the Decree on Land of 1920, as a result of the implementation of which the lands of the former emir were confiscated and then transferred to landless and land-poor farmers, which initiated socialist transformations in Tajikistan’s agriculture.
Bukhara Emirate, Eastern Bukhara, feudal system, land relations, dehkan, Soviet authority, nationalization of land
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