The article examines the origin, development and current state of kinship terminology as one of the most important lexical groups reflecting social and cultural ties in human society. The analysis focuses on the comparison of the system of kinship terms in various Turkic and Indo-European languages, which have common and distinctive features in terms of cultural, historical and linguistic structure. However, despite the differences in cultural and historical context and linguistic structure, these systems share common features, determined by internal patterns of linguistic development and intercultural contacts. The results of linguistic, ethnographic and historical research are presented: the works of L. G. Morgan and other scientists. It is noted that the terminology of kinship in the Tajik language and its southern dialects is insufficiently studied, which opens up prospects for further comprehensive and interdisciplinary research. The analysis is carried out taking into account historical and cultural characteristics, dialectal variation and the influence of written monuments, for example, “Devon lugat at-turk” by Mahmud Kashgari. The result of the study is the systematization of terminological groups and the identification of typological patterns, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the functioning and transformation of the system of kinship relations in various languages.
kinship terms, linguistics, Turkic languages, Indo-European languages, semantic variability, language contacts, historical-typological analysis, “Dewon Lughāt al-Turk” by Mahmud al-Kashgari, grammatical structures
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