The article examines the processes of formation and development of the social democratic movement from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century and its spread in Central Asia. The article analyzes the socio-economic preconditions for the emergence of political circles during the revolutions of 1905 and 1917, as well as the specific activities of social democratic organizations in Central Asia and Northern Tajikistan. The role of these organizations in the political mobilization of the population and the integration of the region into the all-Russian revolutionary movement is demonstrated. The specifics of the establishment of Soviet power in the region are analyzed, counteraction of counterrevolutionary forces and the role of the Communist Party in the political and social transformation of Northern Tajikistan. Particular attention is paid to the importance of local educators and cultural figures Akhmad Donish, Toshkhoja Asiri and Sadriddin Aini in shaping the socio-political consciousness of the Tajik people, as well as the role of volunteer units in the fight against the Basmachi.
Russian Revolution of 1905, Russian Revolution of 1917, Northern Tajikistan, social democratic organizations, bourgeois-nationalist and reformist organizations, Communist Party, Basmachi movement, socio-political transformation
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