THE POSITION OF THE NOUN AMONG OTHER PARTS OF SPEECH IN SHUGHNI, TAJIK, AND ENGLISH

The article provides a comparative analysis of the grammatical status of a noun in the Shughni, Tajik and English languages. The article examines the morphological and syntactic features of the noun, its role in the system of parts of speech, as well as the boundaries between the noun and other significant parts of speech - the verb, adjective and pronoun. Particular attention is paid to the typological differences between Shughni, Tajik and English languages. It is noted that the classification of parts of speech is based on the lexical and grammatical meaning of words, which is reflected in the definitions of parts of speech: a noun expresses objectivity, a verb expresses an action or state, and an adverb expresses a feature of an action or other feature. These semantic and grammatical characteristics serve as key criteria for distinguishing parts of speech and are considered fundamental for the analysis of the grammatical system of the compared languages. The noun in Shughni, Tajik and English languages occupies a central place in the system of parts of speech, acting as the core of syntactic constructions. Its grammatical functions are largely determined by morphological categories: gender, number and case, which, despite typological differences between languages, perform similar syntactic functions.