The analysis of grammatical units such as words and morphemes provides valuable information about the structure and dynamics of language. The article is devoted to the methods and means of word formation in English and Tajik, with special attention paid to the role of morphemes and suffixes in the formation of new words. Both linguistic systems use morphological and syntactic patterns to form new nouns.The comparative aspects of word formation in English and Tajik are also analyzed, and specific and common features of these two language systems are determined.In English, nouns can be organized using prefixes and suffixes, as well as by composing phrases and referring to the roots of other words. One of the most common ways of forming nouns is word affixation, and it is found in both languages. The difference in the formulation of nouns through the endings «-er, -or, -ar, -ion, -tion, -ation, -ment, -ity, -ty -hood» in English and through the endings «-гар», «-гор», «-гон», «-ӣ», «-гӣ», «-кор», «-анд», «-анда» appear in the Tajik language. The article defines other ways and means of word formation that change from one part of speech to another part of speech, changing the lexical meaning of the word and changing the form of the word.
morpheme, word, means of word formation, word formation of a noun, affix, suffix, morphological composition
1. Akhmanova O.S. Dictionary of linguistic terms. – M., 1966. - 241 pp.
2. Belyaeva M.A. Grammar of the English language. - Moscow: Higher School, 1984. - 319 pp.
3. Vinogradov V.V. Word Formation in its Relation to Grammar and Lexicology. - Moscow, 1975. - 168 pp.
4. Grammar of Modern Tajik Literary Language. – V.1. – Dushanbe: Donish, 1973. – 452 pp.
5. Karashchuk P.M. Word-Building of the English Language. – M.: Higher School, 1977. – 333 pp
6. Mamadnazarov A.M. Standard English-Tajik Dictionary. - Dushanbe: Er-Graph, 2009. - 486 pp.
7. Rustamov Sh. Vocabulary of Nouns in Modern Tajik Literary Language. Dushanbe: Donish, 1972. – 75 рр.
8. Smirnitsky A.I. Lexicology of the English Language / A.I. Smirnitsky. – Moscow: Omen, 1998. - 260 рр.
9. Usmanov K. Theoretical Grammar of the English Language / K. Usmanov. - Monday; Khujand: Nuri ma’rifat. 2010. - 236 рр.
10.Shmelev D.N. Modern Russian Language. Vocabulary: – Moscow: Education, 2003. - 336 рр.
11.Bauer L. English Word Formation. – Cambridge: CUP, 1983. - 311 рр.
List of fiction:
12.Dickens Ch. A Tale of Two Cities. – London.:Penguin, 2011. - 453 pp.
13.Hemingway E. The Old Man and the Sea.– USA.: Science, 1952. - 320pp.
14.Dreiser Th. Sister Carrie. – Dover, 2004. - 557 pp.
15.Aini S. Death of the Usurer (story). - Dushanbe: Adib, 2010. - 220 рр.
16.Jalil R. Selected Works. Volume 2. / Rahim Jalil. - Dushanbe: Adib, 1988. - 464 рр.