The article examines the system of terms of kinship in a direct line with the integral seme “male gender” in the Tajik, Uzbek and English languages, revealing similarities and differences in their structure and cultural context. It is noted that kinship terms reflect the most important socio-historical processes occurring in the lives of language speakers, sometimes acquiring new connotations. In different cultures and languages, these terms can differ significantly. It is highlighted that kinship terms are a complex system reflecting cultural features, social structure and historical processes. The kinship system in English, Tajik and Uzbek languages serves common purposes: maintaining family ties, expressing respect for elders and accurately describing social roles in the family. English and Uzbek use similar approaches, adding prefixes to denote elders ("great" in English and "katta" in Uzbek). Tajik and Uzbek have a similar structure for denoting elders through words indicating high status or seniority ("kalon" and "katta").
the system of kinship terms, direct line of kinship, seme “male sex”, integral seme, degrees of kinship, connotation
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